The Immature Huck Finn in Mark Twains The Adventures of...

The Immature Huckleberry Finn Maturity is not a fickle expression such as happiness or frustration, but rather an inherent quality one gains over time, such as courage or integrity. Before maturity can be expressed, the one who expresses it must have significant confidence in himself, since self-confidence is the root of maturity. Being flexible and formulating ones own opinions or ideas are aspects of maturity, but neither is possible without self-confidence. The greatest aspect of maturity is the ability to make decisions which society does not agree with. Whether or not one follows through with these ideas is not important. What is important is the ability to make the decision. These decisions represent the greatest measure†¦show more content†¦Huck doesnt show his first signs of maturing until he is free from authority. Huck hides out on Jacksons Island and for the first time in a while has no authoritative figure controlling him. Even when he discovers Jim, the Widows slave, Huck doesnt consider himself outranked. Huck has been taught that a runaway slave is an evil thing. Being able to make his own decision about the matter, however, Huck decides to go against society. People would call me a low-down Abolitionist and despise me for keeping mum - but that dont make no difference. I aint a-going to tell (43). This is Hucks first sign of maturity as we find that he is able to make his own decisions. Hucks maturity grows with the same issue later on. When approaching Cairo, the point where Jim can become free, Huck decides that he has done something terribly wrong by not turning Jim in and decides he is going into town to tell on him. However, in a split second, while encountering some slave hunters, Huck decides against it and continues to protect Jim. This episode is particularly significant because even though Huck was feeling bad and low, because [he] knowed very well [he] had done wrong (91) he still made a conscious decision to do what he felt was right rather than what society thought was right. Through his adventures with the King and the Duke, Huck learns what not to do, and continuesShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay Huck Finn958 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Argumentative Essay: Should The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be taught in school? Daniel Perez Period 1 10/30/14 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel based on the journey Huck, a young boy with an abusive father, and Jim, a runaway slave, have down the Mississippi River to Free states for an end goal of freedom. Freedom means different things to both of them, to Huck freedom means to be able to do what he wants and not be â€Å"sivilized†, while Jim’s definition of freedom isRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1186 Words   |  5 Pagesignorance and confidence.† Mark Twain’s idea here is if no ignorance exists in the world, then there is nothing to learn from, nothing to make better, and nothing to balance society. His most well-known book includes both ignorance and confidence. Although the confidence mentioned contains little effort to succeed. The world continues to learn from its mistakes and thrives from the solution only to improve even further. In Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, three meaningful subj ectsRead MoreThe Ethical Maturity Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain844 Words   |  4 Pages Mark Twain s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† is a novel about a young boy’s coming of age in Missouri during the mid-1800, is pre-Civil War era. The protagonist, Huckleberry Finn, spends much time in the novel floating down the Mississippi River on a raft with a runaway slave named Jim. On the way to Huck and Jim’s destiny, the two go through many adventures encountering many situations as well as very odd people along the way. Although this novel has adventure and interesting situations,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2409 Words   |  10 PagesAdventures of Huckleberry Finn is often considered one of the great American novels. Throughout the years, it has received critical attention from all sides. Revered by some and banned by others, there is no mistake that Mark Twain’s novel will always have a place in American history. In fact, another great American novelist—Ernest Hemingway—said this of Huck Finn: â€Å"All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called ‘Huckleberry Finn.’ It’s the best book we’ve had. All AmericanRead MoreMark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1752 Words   |  8 Pagesinto New England which were pro-slavery in the 1850s (Ingraham). In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn the setting is somewhere around 1840 in the areas surrounding the Mississippi River, and there were different standards back then regarding race. Twain has his characters fit the mold of how someone back then would talk and how they would act, and racism is a part of that. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses realistic elements such as regionalist dialect and the characters’Read MoreHuck Is a Non-Conformist1467 Words   |  6 PagesSelf-Reliance vs. Huckleberry Finn In Ralph Waldo Emersons essay Self-Reliance, he defends the personality traits that every creative human being possesses and a persons intellectual independence, which enables him to surpass the achievements of previous generations. Emerson explains how most of society is made up of conformists, people that simply conform to a past technique created by earlier innovators. Against being a conformist, Emerson chooses to support being a creator, or a personRead MoreOver time as people grow and learn new things, they develop morally. In the novel, â€Å"The Adventures1200 Words   |  5 PagesOver time as people grow and learn new things, they develop morally. In the novel, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†, Mark Twain depicts society through the eyes of a young boy, and the reality that is thrown at him throughout his journey. Huck’s journey creates a clearer image of the morals that are part of everyday life, or as defined by Webster Dictionary, the â€Å"beli efs about what is right behavior and what is wrong behavior.† The beginning of his journey starts off with a large part of Huck’sRead MoreThe Use of Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain595 Words   |  2 Pageshow they act. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain, uses the literary device of satire in order to ridicule the ignorance of Americans in the late 1800s. Twain uses irony during the mishaps of Jim throughout the story to comment the clear fact that people at the time judged others by their race and not by their actions. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Jims personality is a strong influence toward the personality of Huck, with Jim playing as a father figureRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1574 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twain, author of the critically acclaimed novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, verbalized that â€Å"the relative strengths of good and evil in the world are drastically unbalanced and society is far from being the idyllic, equal post-Civil War affair it pretends to be.† Twain has an authentic, albeit marginally controversial means by which he tells the story of a white thirteen year old, southern, and relatively illiterate boy named Huckleberry Finn. While inquiring whether or not Adventures ofRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1355 Words   |  6 PagesIn Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, An adolescent boy named Huck Finn goes on a physical and moral journey down the Mississippi River. Huck an d Jim meet on Jackson’s island where they are running away from their own problems. Huck is running from his abusive father and Jim is running slavery. Together Jim and Huck travel together along the Mississippi River and encounter many people and face many obstacles. Through these instances Huck is able to become a moral person. Huckleberry Finn’s

The Reign of Terror Was it Justified - 651 Words

As more peoples blood is split to gain the rights not extended to them, the Terror grows becoming more and more gruesome. The French revolution began in late 1789 to obtain the rights that every citizen in born with. The motto of the French was liberty, equality, or death and the price to be paid for the civil liberties was blood. The revolutionary leader Robespierre and journalist Marat explained the more blood the better so that was what raged the people and started the Reign of Terror. Were the values expressed by the French Revolution necessary though? Even though, the French Revolution saw the Terror as a sign to create peace and restore a new France it was not justified because the extremities of the internal and external threats†¦show more content†¦(Doc F) As all hell broke loose within France it was the cause of the Reign of Terror which overall, was not justified. The French Revolution was spreading and Prussia and Austria had grown fearful; therefore, to stop the spreading of the revolution the countries waged war against France, gaining land, troops, and power bringing fear to the French. The neighboring countries in the awakening of the revolution, August 1791, formed an alliance wreaking havoc in the French cities. (Doc A) When the guillotining of Louis the 16th occurred Austria became fearful and angry hoping for the safety of the queen and beloved sister Marie Antoinette. (Doc A) The raging war went on for many years but in 1794 the invasion of foreign enemies grew short and the French are close to stopping them. (Doc A) In the words of Robespierre â€Å"We must smother the †¦ external enemies of the Republic or perish.†(Doc G) Initially, the methods of the Terror became too extreme as Robespierre’s thirst for blood and power grew. In October 1793, the pro-revolutionaries decided to make an example of the counterrevolutionaries by setting their homes on fire and chopped off 12 heads within five minutes. (Doc C) As a way to protest and change the society that most French despised government officials changed holidays, events, and the calendar. In 1793, a revolutionary campaign against the Catholic Church Sundays were abolished, Christmas, Easter, every ChristianShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The French Revolution899 Words   |  4 PagesCorey Simms Mrs. J Modern History March 19, 2015 Justified or Nahh Bertrand Russell once said, â€Å"war does not determine who is right-only who is left.† A bloodshed event in modern European History, the French Revolution began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system. Like the American RevolutionRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Reign Of Terror792 Words   |  4 Pagesof government, and the Reign of Terror’s new revolutionary government was no exception. Although the revolutionary government was meant to replace a tyrannical government, it quickly turned into the dictatorial government it tried to replace and in many cases stepped far outside of the bounds of lawful or just action. During late 18th century France in the time period between the execution of King Louis XVI and the execution of Maximilien de Robespierre, the Reign of Terror senselessly guillotinedRead MoreCauses Of The Reign Of Terror766 Words   |  4 PagesThe Reign of Terror was one of historys symbolic events that have changed the world for the better. Have started with King Louis XVIs reign in 1789 to 1793 (document B); which lead France down a rabbit hole of poverty, starvation of the people, and an unfair tax system (background es say). All of Frances problems have manifested into something that King Louis has done, but cannot stop. With the help of Maximilien Robespierre, the Reign of Terror was declared to fix a corrupted government. The ReignRead MoreReign of Terror1070 Words   |  5 Pages The Reign of Terror: Was It Justified? The Reign of Terror started in 1789 and was a time when supporters of the French Revolution ran wild and started killing non-supporters or counterrevolutionaries. The French held a ceremony if you will, in Paris for the execution of King Louis XVI on January 21, 1793. This was because Louis was having financial, and harvest issues. In June of 1789 King Louis called the Estates Meeting to discuss taxes and money problems. Then some men disliked whatRead MoreTerrorism Has Been Used For Centuries As A Weapon Of Change1074 Words   |  5 Pageseven altered the English language, the creation of the word assassin because of the Hashhashin’s in the 11th century and the Roman’s use of decimation changing the meaning from killing one in ten to massacring all involved. Much of early terrorism was based on nationalist or ethnic groups, which had exhausted all other options while reaching for political freedom and therefore resorted to violence. The most common examples used t o justify terrorism are the French and American Revolutions, the overthrowingRead MoreThe Reign of Terror1316 Words   |  6 Pagesliberty developed into the Reign of Terror. The Reign of Terror was a period in the French revolution characterised by brutal repression and executions which took place from 1793 to 1794. It was a time of bloodshed and murder, aimed to destroy counter revolutionaries and conspirators, and attack foreign enemies, which resulted in the deaths of around 20,000 to 40,000 people, and was viewed by Robespierre as an inevitable period to stabilise France. The Reign of Terror was caused by the evolutionRead MoreThe Downfall Of The French Social Structure And Civilisation1636 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation of 1789 this was enough to spark a revolution. Justified by the ideals of equality and freedom for all an uprising like never seen in Europe before engulfed France; lead predominantly by the Jacobin party, who through the enforcement of the Terror policy were able to justify the execution of an estimated 40,000 people including the Royal family, for the sake of protecting the revolution and liberty for France. However, the plausibility of the reasoning s behind the Terror can be questionedRead MoreThe Reign of Terror and the Salem Witch Trials: Reshaping Society1142 Words   |  5 PagesFrench Revolution known as the Reign of Terror was similar to the trials and tribulations faced by the characters of The Crucible by Arthur Miller. The cycle of oppression, opportunity, and fear created the struggle for power that was key to the ou tcome of both events. The French Revolution, beginning in 1789, was a lengthy process in which the people of France took over the government and instituted a Republic (Chambers). The overarching goal of the Revolution was to place the power of governmentRead MoreRobespierre and the Reign of Terror1544 Words   |  7 Pagesdrenching event of the Reign of Terror.[Footnote] Throughout the French revolution, specifically the eleven month, 1793-1794 Reign of Terror, revolutionary leaders, such as Maximilien Robespierre believed in enforcing fear to resolve the instability of France. â€Å"Terror is nothing else than swift, severe, indomitable justice; it flows, then, from virtue†-Maximilien Robespierre.[Footnote] This period in history signified great atrocities of massacres, and a time where fear was evoked within every FrenchRead MoreRevolution: the Cost of Frances Liberty863 Words   |  4 Pagesrebelled and fought for equality, giving birth to the French Revolution of 1789. This period is often characterized as needlessly violent, as gruesome events such as the Reign of Terror took place, in addition to many executions and riots. Despite the excessive bloodshed that dominated the era, the French Revolution’s violence was not in vain, for the legacy of the revolution has ignited scores of independence movements in its wake and inspired new ideologies that continue to shape the modern world

The structure and development of curriculum Free Essays

The construction and development of course of study involves many characteristics, including how it is organised, the ends to be achieved in instruction, procedures of instruction, larning and appraisal, and eventually how it the course of study will provide for the hereafter scholars. We will detect how the course of study model is broken into these classs to organize the construction and development. Department of Education and Training ( 2008 ) Queensland course of study criterion demands province â€Å" All schools are required to develop and keep up-to-date course of study programs in audience with the school community. We will write a custom essay sample on The structure and development of curriculum or any similar topic only for you Order Now This planning ensures that appraisal, instruction and coverage match the intended course of study. † ( Department of Education and Training, 2008 ) Curriculum planning is divided into three degrees in schools, whole-school course of study, plan the sequence of larning across all twelvemonth degrees, program each twelvemonth degree, term and unit. The course of study procedure is to educate scholars, develop accomplishments and cognition so they will be able to lend within society. To specify course of study in footings of a papers which includes inside informations about ends or aims, content, learning techniques, rating and appraisal is the cardinal values that represent educating. The Department of Education and preparation of Queensland ( 2008 ) states the course of study is â€Å" all the planned acquisition that is offered and enacted by a school. † The model of Queensland course of study includes a acquisition environment, resources, learning attacks and schemes, appraisal and plans methods, values relationships, and behaviors between equals and instructors. All these elements are linked and supply the experiences that contribute to scholars larning. â€Å" A good course of study has each of these elements aligned so that intended acquisition is what is assessed and what pupils achieve. † ( Department of Education and Training, 2008 ) .Therefore, this papers attempts to widen the focal point on specifying a specific position on what a scholar can carry through under the counsel of school acquisition. Curriculum is organised through range and sequencing. Scope refers to the degree and the agreement of the course of study elements that occur across topics, while, sequence refers to the interrupting the content and acquisition experiences into manageable stairss to ease acquisition over a period of clip. Example of range and sequence used in schools is the grammar range and sequence which each twelvemonth degree will cover a selected component of grammar. Year two ( 2 ) instructors teach larning elements of nouns, by placing appellative words, word edifice with nouns, and twelvemonth six ( 6 ) will utilize the elements of complex genitive nouns, introduce abstract and common nouns. The range considers the procedures or accomplishments that occur in topics. Scoping is structured how topics are taught through activities or incorporating units. Scope and Sequence provides information for instructors about the literacy genres, numeracy chances and demands, and possibilities for utilizing ICT in the acquisition plan for each of the Key Learning Areas in each twelvemonth. By utilizing the range and sequence administration it allows instructors to concentrate chiefly on the intended course of study, supplying support for instructors on what to learn, how to learn it and how to measure it. Therefore, leting instructors to do the most of larning in their category. â€Å" The sequences for each Key Learning Area outline nine old ages of schooling. In peculiar, the learning descriptions sketching what is indispensable for pupils to cognize, understand and be able to make by the terminal of Old ages 3, 5, 7, and 9 are critical for future acquisition and progress.. † ( Department of Education and Training, 2008 ) Within each of the eight Key larning Areas: English, Health and Physical Education, Languages other than English ( LOTE ) , Mathematics, Science, Studies of Society and Environment, Technology and The Arts there is a sequence, statements depicting what indispensable acquisition is to be addressed within the Queensland Curriculum. Using the range and sequence acquisition depict what the scholar does as a consequence of the acquisition chances and environment hence provides a consequence, or result of the learning procedure: The construction of the Queensland course of study relates to several theoretical accounts of course of study, the process-based theoretical account affecting consecutive stages of course of study design and development relates to Tyler ‘s theoretical account of course of study, which includes aims followed by content or acquisition experiences, so utilizing a method or organizing larning experiences such as range and sequencing, and eventually rating or appraisal. But, the Queensland model of course of study besides relates to Skilbeck ‘s theoretical account because â€Å" A course of study that maximises the acquisition of all pupils is one that recognises and celebrates diverseness and engages all pupils in intellectually disputing larning experiences. It provides pupils with clear guidelines on what they are larning and how they will be assessed. It involves a scope of learning schemes to run into different larning demands and explicit learning to scaffold pupils â⠂¬Ëœ larning so that they develop and consolidate the needed cognition and accomplishments to run into the awaited hereafter demands of work and citizenship. † ( Department of Education and Training, 2008 ) Skilbeck ‘s Situation theoretical account examines the chief context and needs that continues throughout the procedure of development and execution of plans hebdomadal or day-to-day instruction. The consideration of these factors stairss in the course of study procedure of state of affairs analysis, end preparation. plan edifice, reading and execution and feedback, appraisal A ; Reconstruction. Skilbeck ‘s theoretical account, to the full considers the ‘situation ‘ or context of the course of study holding external factors and internal factors. The external factors include Cultural and societal alterations outlooks and alterations Relationships between grownups and kids, community premises and values Educational system demands e.g. policy statements, appraisal processs Changing nature of capable affair Support systems Expected flow of resources Internal Factors Students pupil: aptitudes, abilities and educational demands Teachers values, attitudes, accomplishments, cognition, experience, particular strengths and failings, functions School ethos and constructions and decision-making construction, power sharing Resources Problems and defects in the bing course of study School community The intent or end of instruction is to advance instruction and acquisition construction within a schoolroom and or school environment, is to do the most of a scholars ‘ acquisition and support scholars to accomplish their full potency. That larning experiences connect with bing cognition and accomplishments, pupils educational learning encourage a deeper apprehension and that scholars can link purposeful. The rules found in the Model policy provinces â€Å" Quality course of study maximizes each pupil ‘s educational potency All instruction and acquisition should be founded in the belief that, with good instruction, the right support and sufficient clip, every pupil can develop cognition, accomplishments and understanding to accomplish at higher degrees. Teachers need to believe in their pupils as scholars, have high outlooks, and see themselves as responsible for bettering the learning accomplishment of their pupils. † ( Department of Education and Training, 2008 ) The development of the course of study involves a course of study for all learning facets of the indispensable ways of working and knowledge guaranting that scholars are engaged with acquisition and develop their cognition and apprehension. â€Å" This includes advancing excellence through a course of study that supports all pupils to develop a deep apprehension of of import capable affair and the rational tools and schemes to believe for themselves and to pull off their ain acquisition † ( Department of Education and Training, 2008 ) . Curriculum engages scholars with schemes to develop sound apprehension. Teachers using these larning activities will steer scholars, to work towards constructing on their cognition, by using, explicating, interpretation, and processing. Guaranting that a scholar will accomplish and take part within their acquisition is an intended portion of the course of study. Teaching and larning patterns within a school environment promote the pupil to maximize their educational potency. Through good instruction, back uping scholars, it will help with the developing their cognition and apprehension. .Therefore, scholars are prosecuting with support and scaffolding between each other to derive farther apprehension, guaranting that the cirrculum provides pupils the key tools and schemes to believe for themselves and larn how to pull off their acquisition. The quality appraisal of pupil acquisition is an go oning class of action of roll uping relevant informations to find what a scholar knows, understands and reflect on country of the course of study that need support. The rules of appraisal require appraisal be applicable, and should supply dependable information on the scholars accomplishments. Students should cognize what they have to larn and what the standard or criterion will be set for assessment undertakings. Learners showing their high order of thought, they can use their new accomplishment to other contents. By supplying feedback, it will supply scholars to reflect on their acquisition and place different stairss to better. Assessment is to reflect on the apprehension of their acquisition. â€Å" Achievement of the intended course of study including the quality or criterion of accomplishment, assessment patterns should besides play an educative function for pupils, enabling them to reflect on their acquisition -particularly misconceptions and spreads in their cognition – and take some duty for their ain ongoing acquisition † . ( Department of Education and Training, 2008 ) . This new coevals has wholly different larning manners these demands should be considered in schoolroom instruction ; engineering plays an built-in portion within today ‘s society. Learners are prosecuting larning to suit with new engineerings. â€Å" The course of study should reflect and construct on the digital literacy ‘s that pupils already have. † ( Department of Education and Training, 2008 ) Therefore, in decision, schools course of studies make the critical part to the pupil ‘s hereafter, wellbeing, prosperity, and societal society accomplishments. The course of study needs to work towards developing capablenesss, every bit good as accomplishing outcome ends in the gaining of specific cognition. The course of study must travel beyond merely schooling foundation of instruction ; these accomplishments are farther required in the workplace, community and recreational milieus. The course of study is one manner to anchor the construct of life-long acquisition in a cognition society. Quality instruction and acquisition patterns within a school environment promote the pupil to maximize their educational potency. Through good instruction, back uping scholars, it will help with the developing their cognition and apprehension. . Mentions Brady L: Kenndy, K. ( 2007 ) . Cirriculum Construction ( 3rd ed. ) . Pearson Education Australia. Department of Education and Training. ( 2008 ) . Department of Education and Training. Retrieved March 10, 2010, from P-12 Curriculum Framework: hypertext transfer protocol: //education.qld.gov.au/curriculum/framework/p-12/index.html Marsh, C. ( 2003 ) . Cardinal Concepts for understanding cirriculum. New York: RoutledgeFalner. Nicholls, A.. Nicholls, H.. ( 1978 ) . Developing a cirriculum. London: Biling A ; Sons Ltd. Queensland Studies Authority. ( 2010 ) . Queensland Studies Authority. Retrieved March 2, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.qsa.qld.edu.au/ How to cite The structure and development of curriculum, Essay examples

Charles Drew Biography free essay sample

Charles Richard Drew was born on June 3, 1904 in Washington D. C. He was born to a middle- class family. His father, Richard Drew was a carpet layer, and his mother Nora Burrell was a grade school teacher. Drew’s family lived in Foggy Bottom, a neighborhood in D. C. , after relocating from Pompano Beach, Florida, where he attended elementary and junior high. As a child Drew was showed to be quite athletic. He won a variety of medals for swimming, and later even more in other sports such as: football, basketball, and other sports. After graduating from his local high school, Dunbar High, he was awarded the James E.  Walker Memorial. Now with his full scholarship, Drew attended Amherst College in Massachusetts. While there Drew went on to lead the track team as the captain and to the nationals, become the MVP of the baseball team, as well as, the star quarterback in which he went all-American. He also was a national high hurdles champion. Along with his athletics, Drew was also an academic scholar. Not only did he make honor roll every year while attending Amherst, but he was also admitted into Omega Psi Phi, a Greek organization which promoted high grades, scholarships, and athletics. After graduating from Amherst in 1926 with his Bachelor’s degree, Drew was unable to go back to medical school because of financial issues. As he tried ways to gain the money he became a teacher and coach at Morgan University. After two years of working there, he had enough money to put himself through medical school. But, due to America’s strict rules against African Americans going to medical school, Drew was denied access. In 1928, Drew applied and was enrolled at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. While attending McGill, students, scholars, and professors quickly noticed the work ethic and dedication of Drew. After proving himself to be a top student with nonstop hard work, and easily winning a prize in neuroanatomy, Drew was the first African American inducted into the Alpha Omega Alpha, a national medical honor society. Later that year, Drew began experimentation with blood transfusions and blood storage. After five years of studying and research Drew graduated from McGill, second in his class in 1933. Along with the latter, Drew earned both Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery degrees. After finishing up with school, he did an internship and residency at the Royal Victoria Hospital. Drew continued to research blood  transfusions, and after about three months came into contact with John Beattie. After working together for some months, they analyzed the problems for completing a blood transfusion and issues with storing blood. After a couple of more months they came to the conclusion that blood could not me stored but plasma could. But, before they could work on it further tragedy struck. Drew’s father, Richard Drew Had pad passed. After the death of his father, Drew returned to the United States. He worked at Howard University and later that year filed for his surgery residency at Freedman’s Hospital in his hometown, Washington D.  C. After marrying and settling down, Drew again went back to graduate school. He received the Rockefeller Fellowship award to Columbia University and was educated at the Presbyterian Hospital. While studying he met John Scudder. Together they made a way to sustain blood plasma. He found out that plasma could be stored longer than regular blood. He also found out that just by adding water to the plasma, that they could make blood whenever they needed it. This was important, especially during the time such as World War II. His research in â€Å"Banked Blood† is what he submitted for his doctrines. In addition to his thesis expanded knowledge of plasma storage, Drew was named the â€Å"Father of Blood Banks. † Also, during WWI Drew was asked to head the â€Å"Blood for Britain† organization after their stored blood quickly dwindled due to spoiling and use. He modernized this by teaching the doctors how to change blood into plasma. He also was the lead helping cause due to him constantly overseeing shipments of lifesaving equipment to the wounded during the war. After, finishing his work with Britain he soon worked on another program; this one would come to be known as Red Cross. This, would not last long though. It seems as though as soon he started the project he forfeited it. It was widely due to the fact that the military demanded segregated blood. After months of countless of arguing and complaining about segregation laws, Drew called a press meeting where he resigned. There he stated, â€Å"I refuse to run a corrupt, racist, and un-American organization. † After resigning from American Red Cross in 1941, Drew started back teaching at Howard University. Not long after he was the first African-American to be admitted into the American Board of Surgeons. He got a job at Freedman’s Hospital and was one of the developers of Howard’s surgery program. In 1943, Drew was also given the Spingarn Medal, which was a life time achievement award. After a decade of accomplishments and higher level jobs Drew died in a car accident in 1950, on April 1. Being that Charles Drew is from my hometown, he means more to me than just some historical figure. He is a prime example of someone who actually made something out of his life from where I was born. His mere historical significance should be enough for anyone who ever said they cannot do something to reconsider. Another thing being we both are athletes but came to college for academics. He showed that when you call yourself a student-athlete, student comes first. Lastly, being that I want to help people, he showed anything is possible. He not only helped people throughout his lifetime, during WWI and the civil rights movements, but people of today too. His actions are still relevant and saving thousands of people every day. Without his work in blood storage and plasma millions of people would not have survived WWII and a lot people would not be alive today. Charles Drew is a hero. In conclusion, Charles Drew revolutionary man and worthy of praise.

Logic - Features Of Argumentation Essays - Critical Thinking

Logic - Features Of Argumentation Features of Argumentation The logic of everyday argumentation should be based upon common data or information that is accepted by everyone. A warrant need to be used in order to relate the evidence that is presented in an argument to the claim that is being made. When creating an argument, one usually uses grounds that are well known by their peers of the same field of study. In this way, most arguments are specific to a certain area of study; however, information that is considered common knowledge is easily warranted in other fields of study besides philosophy. Once an argument is written, a very important warrant is distinguishable. The language that is used in the argument can be interpreted as grounds for the actual argument. The style that is used represent how strongly the author believes in the argument, and where their position is on the conclusion of the claim as well as playing an enormous part in convincing the reader to think further about the claim that is being presented. A claim is presented that give a possible conclusion to an argument and then evidence is presented that supports the claim. This is not enough for a, Complex academic argument, the author also has to create warrants that link the evidence to the claim being made. Often times a narrative can is used as a basic warrant. In this method the author gives details and describes events and situations that can establish a relationship between the grounds being made about the claim. A Complex Academic Argument, is based on a claim and the grounds that are made to support it. In previous papers I have used this technique in supporting my argument. The mistake that I made in the past was that I always to a pro or con position. A Complex Academic Argument, only gives the reader a single view on a subject, not an overall decision of pro or con. Bibliography none

Free Essays on Women Abuse

woman abuse Male domination and patriarchy have been under challenge by feminists and the women's movement in recent decades. The economic, social and political subjection of women around the world, the violence brought against them and their confinement to the domestic sphere have been analyzed and denounced in academic studies. Most people want to build a new society where gender is not the central factor discriminating between individuals, who should be free to choose the life styles that suit them. Men have, in general, been socialized to hide their innermost thoughts and feelings. As young boys they are socialized to believe that if they are open about their feelings they would be considered weak and/or not manly by their peers.  ¡Ã‚ ¥Being strong ¡Ã‚ ¦ and  ¡Ã‚ ¥being a man ¡Ã‚ ¦ meant creating a tough exterior, and not allowing anyone to penetrate that hard shell. Men who batter women have never learned how to cope successfully with angry feelings. Life is full of events that caus e us immense stress and frustration, but the abusive male does not have the communication skills necessary for resolving the conflict passively. What is violence against women? For some people, the answer to this question is simple  ¡V an intentional physical act such as a kick, punch, push, choke, or bite, that results in a physical injury. Many people accept this definition of woman abuse inasmuch as they believe that if you don ¡Ã‚ ¦t need stitches, you ¡Ã‚ ¦re not hurt. Most researchers have limited their attention to non-lethal, non-sexual assaults. Unfortunately, this focus on physical assaults does not reflect the brutal reality of many women ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. We are inclined to agree with the feminist point of view that any definition of woman abuse must incorporate a much broader range of behaviours. Feminists argue that woman abuse refers to anything a male has done or not done to his partner that is perceived as psychologically, socially, economically, o... Free Essays on Women Abuse Free Essays on Women Abuse woman abuse Male domination and patriarchy have been under challenge by feminists and the women's movement in recent decades. The economic, social and political subjection of women around the world, the violence brought against them and their confinement to the domestic sphere have been analyzed and denounced in academic studies. Most people want to build a new society where gender is not the central factor discriminating between individuals, who should be free to choose the life styles that suit them. Men have, in general, been socialized to hide their innermost thoughts and feelings. As young boys they are socialized to believe that if they are open about their feelings they would be considered weak and/or not manly by their peers.  ¡Ã‚ ¥Being strong ¡Ã‚ ¦ and  ¡Ã‚ ¥being a man ¡Ã‚ ¦ meant creating a tough exterior, and not allowing anyone to penetrate that hard shell. Men who batter women have never learned how to cope successfully with angry feelings. Life is full of events that caus e us immense stress and frustration, but the abusive male does not have the communication skills necessary for resolving the conflict passively. What is violence against women? For some people, the answer to this question is simple  ¡V an intentional physical act such as a kick, punch, push, choke, or bite, that results in a physical injury. Many people accept this definition of woman abuse inasmuch as they believe that if you don ¡Ã‚ ¦t need stitches, you ¡Ã‚ ¦re not hurt. Most researchers have limited their attention to non-lethal, non-sexual assaults. Unfortunately, this focus on physical assaults does not reflect the brutal reality of many women ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. We are inclined to agree with the feminist point of view that any definition of woman abuse must incorporate a much broader range of behaviours. Feminists argue that woman abuse refers to anything a male has done or not done to his partner that is perceived as psychologically, socially, economically, o...

The odd sea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The odd sea - Essay Example It transforms much like the characters in the novel. It gives off a sense of how lives can be altered through art, both for the reader and for the characters within the story. The narrative is told through the eyes of Philip Shumway, whose years-long quest to find his brother led him to the craft of writing. People deal with grief differently, some wallow in despair, others dedicate themselves to work, there are those who wish to continue remnants of the lost ones and then there are others who content themselves in letting out through writing. It becomes the outlet which enables some people to face the reality of desolation. This was the case of Philip and the people that surrounds him. With the lost of his brother, he was able to find the healing therapy that writing can bring. Then there is their father who dedicates his time to the perfection of the seemingly simple craft of carpentry to forget his sorrows. The way he oversees his art of timber framing is flawless. At one point, Philip recognizes his father’s talent as an artist among all of the members of the family. And then there is Ethan’s girlfriend Melissa, who takes up painting with much intensity to disregard the pain of losing young love. All of them found in art the capacity to go on living though with a whole that can never be filled. The rift that the tragedy, at the very least, be given brief moments to be unnoticed the broken ties that could never be completely mended but. This is art in its highest form. More than anything, it should be able to transport us and change us as it lets us experience its transformative facility. It presents a polarity of the effects that the event brought to Philip. His lost was manifested through a personal alteration of his life as well as a creative materialization of experiences. On the process he was able to discover his self and his purpose. Through his writing he eventually came to terms

Motivation of Employees in relation to managment in a organizational Research Paper

Motivation of Employees in relation to managment in a organizational setting - Research Paper Example ..10 New management motivational tools†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 ROWE (Result only work environment) program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Abstract: Motivation is the fuel to pump up the optimistic thought about the job. It is an inevitable fact which cannot be ignored by any organization. No matter what is the organizational structure of the company, but if the employees are not motivated then the output will fall drastically. However, this paper will focus on the motivational tools to reconstruct the organizational structure of the companies who are dealing with call centers. The management function is vital but all the functions in the Call centers are focused at par with employee satisfactions. This research work is a simple attempt to find out the ultimate motivational and operational loots to encourage the employees to work happily. Introduction: The aim of the paper is to investigate the proper way of practicing the management to achieve the best possible outcome for the call center employees. The recent business scenarios are very much focused on the positive outcomes. However, the present scenario in the business culture is changing and it is changing with the improvisation of the proper blend of traditional organizational behavioral approaches and the modern culture. The work cultures have changed and so the functions of the management must change accordingly to cope up the advanced employee satisfaction. The motivational tools must be explored beyond the traditional ways to satisfy the new age call center employees. Understanding the work culture in call centers: The work culture within a call center is far more different than any other organization. Most important part is the nature of the job. In most of the call centers employees are young and they look for many options to earn more money. However, the most important fact for the people who are in the operations of the call center is to keep the employees energy intact. These breaks are very much important to regain the energy and patience to take the calls again. The weekly party, on floor incentives and many more motivational tools are used to keep the employees minds within the jobs. The training plays a very important role in this scenario. Employees are constantly trained to perform accordingly. The employees in call centers deal with a huge database, and sometimes t hese database are very expensive and not to be disclosed or used or sold to other party. This can be taken as a serious crime. For an example, after the fraud case in Mphasis, the growth rate of the call centers was expected to go down to 30 percent (Jacques, 2006, p. 105). However, the scenario did changed but towards the positive side. Function of the management: Function of the management is one of the most vital factors to practice the best organizational behavior within the organization. However, the functions of

Use a flow chart and an accompanying memo to explain a problem with a Assignment - 1

Use a flow chart and an accompanying memo to explain a problem with a process with which you are familiar - Assignment Example The current system of our departmental store consists of manual operation and entries on registers and MS Excel sheets. Because of the expanding customer base of the superstore, it is quite challenging to tackle the entire transactions manually. The main problem of the existing system is that it takes up a lot of time. The recording, updating, and deletion of entries on MS Excel sheets take up considerable amount of time. Any query function may not be executed on it as it is not an automated system. The records that are interrelated to one another are exhibited in such a manner that they are not interrelated. Another issue with the manual system of entering information is the lack of precision. The precision of a number of statistical functions in MS Excel vary from acceptable to unacceptably bad. However, they are considerably substandard as compared to the substitutive implementations. For this reason, this system leaves less probability of having precision in numerical values. The next problem with the existing system is the lack of decision making power, due to the two problems discussed earlier, it becomes exceedingly challenging to make swift decisions using the existing system. For the order of looking at the cost of a specific item in the superstore, the costs of all the other items need to be looked over. This implies that timely and effective decisions are not made. Large amount of stationary is yet another drawback of the existing system incorporated in the superstore. The receipts of the products and items sold on a daily basis are made on cash memos, which require numerous cash memo registers. Because of the expanding customer base of the superstore, a large number of paper and huge amount of time is taken up on a daily basis in pursuit of this practice. Another significant issue with the existing system is that it requires the involvement of

An aseptic technique

An aseptic technique Introduction Aseptic means to be free from microorganisms. Aseptic Technique is the procedure that is performed under sterile condition to prevent the growth of other microorganisms on the growth medium such as the Petri dishes containing the nutrient agar or the pure culture. If the growth medium or the pure culture is contaminated with microorganisms from the environment, it will results in confusion and inaccurate data. Hence, it is important to reduce the risks of these microorganisms to come in contact with the experimental materials. In addition, by maintaining a clean environment when transferring the culture of microorganism onto the nutrient agar is part of the aseptic technique. This is usually done by disinfecting the table before and after working with microorganism using alcohol. Flaming the experimental materials such as bacteriological loops, bottle or flask necks can help in sterilizing. It must be done for several seconds so as to raise the temperature to kill the contaminants; however, the bacteriological loop must be cooled for a while before it is used to pick up the microorganism as picking up microorganism with a hot tool will kill the cells. When removing caps from bottles, it is important to keep the cap in the hand as by putting them on the table, it will be contaminated. Flaming is also required before replacing the cap onto the bottle. It is important to handle open tubes at an angle so that airborne and other microorganisms will not fall into the tube and cause contamination. During streakin g, it is important to keep the lids of the Petri dish over it to prevent contamination. Lastly, try to avoid breathing, coughing, sneezing and talking while transferring the culture so as to reduce the risk on contaminating. Apart from this general aseptic technique, there also several other methods to ensure that destruction of living microorganisms in materials and apparatus. One of the methods is by using dry heat which is sterilising using naked flame or hot air. Sterilising materials or apparatus by a naked flame is usually heated to redness and allowed to cool. They are usually made of metal. Exposure to hot air helps to destroy microorganisms in glass and porcelain apparatus. The other method is sterilizing using moist heat which can be used in three different ways which are heating in water or steam at 100oC, heating in steam under pressure and discontinue heating at low temperature. The different ways are employed according to the different materials or apparatus used. The last method is by using chemical, it can be either in liquid or gaseous state. They are often used in the disposal of contaminated materials and apparatus after a laboratory session. Microorganisms worked with in a lab should not be released into the environment as these strains may contain genetic markers such as antibiotic resistance. Therefore, they must be discarded properly. In addition, aseptic technique is not only applied in laboratory, it is also applied in clinical and surgical setting. Aims There are two aims in this experiment. The first aim is to show that a large number of microorganisms exist on the surface of our hands. The second aim is carry out the aseptic technique properly by transferring pure culture and inoculating them onto an agar plate. Materials and Methods Bacteria on skin Please refer to the Laboratory Manual unless otherwise stated of changes made. Streak Plate Please refer to the Laboratory Manual unless otherwise stated of changes made. A disposable sterile bacteriological loop is use instead of the metal sterile bacteriological loop so no heating is required. Discussion Bacteria on skin The human skins surface do carry a large number of microorganism and that by washing hands, individual can reduce the number of microorganism noticeably. However, even after a hand wash, microorganisms are still present on the surface. Streak Plate By employing the streaking technique on an agar plate correctly, a single colony can be obtained. Furthermore, it can be used to separate colonies of mixed culture. Hence, this pure colony can be picked up and to be grown in large quantity. From the result above, it can be observed that single colonies of the S.aureus are found. Due to the colour and morphology, it can be noted that the S.aureus is of a pure culture. Conclusion Aseptic technique is a basic laboratory technique that must be employed especially during Microbiology laboratory session so as to prevent any contamination and affecting the accuracy of the result. Since microorganism can replicated rapidly, disposal of contaminants must be done properly so as to protect both the equipments and the health of individuals. B- Gram Staining Introduction Gram stain is also known as differential stain in which it will divide bacteria into two large groups, mainly Gram Positive and Gram Negative. This difference is due to the chemical and physical structure of the cell wall called peptidoglycan. During solvent treatment, if the peptidoglycan is able to retain the crystal violet dye, the bacteria will be group as Gram Positive bacteria. However, if it is not able to retain the crystal violet, the bacteria will be group as Gram Negative bacteria and that it will be stained pink. Gram Positive bacteria has a thicker peptidoglycan (50-90% cell wall) as compared to the Gram Negative bacteria (10% cell wall). In addition, the Gram Negative bacteria has another layer which is make up of liposaccharides and proteins and is separated from the cell wall by the periplasm. In gram staining, there are four basic steps which include flooding the heat fixed smear with crystal violet stain, following by the addition of iodine solution to form complex, adding of alcohol for decolourisation and counterstaining with safranin. After flooding the peptidoglycan with crystal violet stain, the dye will enter the cells and all cells will turn purple. With the addition of iodine, a crystal violet-iodine complex will be form such that it will not be able to exit the cells easily. By decolourizing the cell with alcohol, the peptidoglycan of the Gram Negative bacteria will break down because the alcohol will dissolves the liposaccharides layer and hence, with the removal of the layer, the crystal violet-iodine complex will run off which will results in the loss of the crystal violet stain and the cells turn colourless. On the other hand, the alcohol will dehydrate the Gram Positive bacterias peptidoglycan, closing the pores as the peptidoglycan shrinks. As a result, the crystal violet-iodine complex will not be able to run off as the exits will be blocked and they remained stained. By counterstaining with safranin, the Gram Negative cell will turn pink and the Gram Positive cells will remain violet. With gram staining, one is able to differentiate if the culture is a pure or a mixed, the morphological details of the bacteria and the arrangement of the bacteria. Aims The aim is to prepare smears for staining, observe the morphological details of the bacteria and to be able to differentiate between Gram Positive and Gram Negative bacteria. Materials and Methods Preparation of Smears for staining Please refer to the Laboratory Manual unless otherwise stated of changes made. A disposable sterile bacteriological loop is use instead of the metal sterile bacteriological loop so no heating is required. Gram Staining Method Please refer to the Laboratory Manual unless otherwise stated of changes made. Discussion According to the result observed, Bacillus subtilis is rod shaped (bacillus). They are stained purple which suggests that they are Gram Positive bacteria. They are arranged in singles. Although, endospore cannot be observe in this experiment, they can also be found on Bacillus subtilis. The endospore enables the bacteria to tolerate harsh environmental condition such as high temperature. Bacillus subtilis can also be known as a single bacillus bacterium. Escherichia coli is stained pink and thereby, it is a Gram Negative bacterium. The cells are also rod shaped but they do not have any particular cell arrangement. They are found in singles, pairs and even clusters. Proteus vulgaris is also stained pink and hence, a Gram Negative bacterium. Its morphology rod shaped and is arranged in singles. They can also be known as a single bacillus bacterium. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram Positive bacterium as it is stained dark purple after gram staining. It has a spherical shaped, otherwise known cocci and they are usually arranged in grape-like clusters. Therefore, they are known as a staphylococci bacterium. There were no differences in the shape and colour observed for each of the bacteria, hence, they can be known as a pure culture. Conclusion The Gram staining method is a useful tool used in most laboratories as it helps individual to visualise the bacteria accurately and effectively such as the shape, arrangement and even whether the culture is a pure or mixed. However, it should be noted that not all bacteria will give a gram reaction as some of them are gram variable, otherwise known as gram indeterminate. Therefore, they will give a mix of pink and purple cells after gram staining. For some of the Gram Positive bacteria, their peptidoglycan breaks easily during cell division, hence, after staining, they will give pink cells instead of purple. In addition, the duration of a culture can also affect the gram stain. C- Cell Counting Introduction Cells counting is the accurate and precise counting of cells. They are usually carried out manually or electronically. By counting cells manually, a counting chamber, otherwise known as the haemocytometer is used. The counting chamber is used to determine the number of cells per unit volume of a suspension. On the other hand, a coulter counter is used to count cells electronically. There are two approaches to count the number of cells, mainly total cell counts and the viable counts. Total cell counts are counted directly using the microscope and that both living and dead cells are counted. This is normally accompanied by the use of the counting chamber or coulter counter. Another approach is the viable counts which only count the living cells. The small volume of culture, otherwise known as the dilution of the culture is applied to the surface of an agar plate. After incubating, the colonies are counted, normally colonies between 30-300 are chosen to be used for the calculation of concentration of the given sample. The units given is colony forming units (CFU) per ml. The haemocytometer is a modified glass slides with two count chamber of known area. Each chamber grid is composed of nine squares which are known as subgrid, each square is 1mm2. Within each large square, there are further sub divisions that help in counting. When the coverslip is placed over the grooves of the slide, there will be a thickness of 0.1mm. Hence, the volume is 0.1mm3 or 1 x 10-4ml. Therefore, the cell concentration will be calculated as the number of cells multiply by 1 x 104ml and again, multiplying the dilution factor. Since cells are very small and they can be observed in a very high number, the suspensions should be diluted enough so that the cells are able to distribute uniformly in the counting chamber. Aims There are two aims in this experiment. Firstly, to be able to determine the cell count in different biological species and secondly, to be able to determine the viable count of a live bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods Cell Counting using Counting Chamber Please refer to the Laboratory Manual unless otherwise stated of changes made. Serial Dilution is carried out before the sample is loaded into the Neubauer Manual Counting Chamber. Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is used to dilute the blood and broth medium is used to dilute the brewers yeast ( Saccharomyces cervisiae). Both blood and brewers yeast are dilute in the ratio of 1:10 and 1:100. The 1:10 dilution is prepared by diluting the 10Â µL of whole blood or yeast with 90Â µL normal saline or broth medium respectively. The 1:100 dilution is prepared by extracting 10Â µL from the respective sample from 1:10 and adding 90Â µL of normal saline and yeast into the respective sample. Cell Counting of Live Bacteria, S. aureus (after Serial Dilution) Please refer to the Laboratory Manual unless otherwise stated of changes made. Two changes were made in Step 1 and Step 12 respectively. Only three nutrient agar plates , 10-3, 10-4 and 10-5 were labelled and culture in these dilutions were spread on the respective agar plates. A new spreader and pipette tip were used everything a different dilution culture was spread on the agar plate. Count the number of colonies on the three different agar plates. Choose the agar plate with colonies between 30-300 to calculate the concentration of the original sample. Discussion Using the counter chamber, individual is able to give a quick assessment on the number of cells given that all the procedure on preparing and loading the sample onto it. One of it is that suspension/sample is not mixed before loading. This is due to the fact that cells tend to settle at the bottom of the tube and hence, while pipetting the sample out from the tube, individual do not have the actual or accurate number of cells. Therefore, to get a uniform suspension for a more accurate result, mixing the tube before pipetting is recommended. In addition, it can also help in reducing the clumping of cells. Furthermore, improper filling of chambers can lead to inaccurate volume of suspension in the chamber and leading to inaccurate cell concentration. Improper filling of chamber includes overfilling or under filling of sample. Moreover, there must be a consistency in counting cells which is in contact with the boundary lines (ie. the three lines just outside the grid) or when the cells are clump together. Individual will have to determine which cells to count and which not to count especially a cell which is situated on a border such as if a cell has half of its area outside the border, individual do not count those cells. The other method of cell counting is the viable count where a single cell will give rise to a colony which is visible to the naked eyes on the agar plate. Therefore, by counting the number of colonies on the agar plate, individual is able calculate the cell concentration. However, only plates which have 30 to 300 colonies are used to calculate the cell concentration. In the result for viable count of S.aureus, the plate chosen was 10-5 because there was 82 colonies in one quadrant which is equivalent to 328 (82 x 4) colonies on the agar plate. Although, the number of colonies (328) exceed the number of colonies of 300 that we were supposed to chose, this 10-5 dilution plate has the closest number to 300. However, we should dilute even further because a single colony can have clumps or chain of cells in it and hence, resulting in inaccurate number of colonies/cells in which the actual number of cells should actually be more than the calculated number of cells. The advantage of viable cell counting is that the organism counted will be a positive one (ie. S.aureus) instead of any other organism as if there is contaminant, the morphology or colour will be different. Another disadvantage of viable cell counting, other than cells that clump together or have chains which will form a single colony, is that organism will only grow in condition which is suitable for their growth on the agar plate. Cell counting usually is accompanied by serial dilution as it is impossible to count the number of cells if the concentration is too high as it will lead to a very high number of cells. Conclusion There are several other methods, other than using counting chamber and viable cell count, to count cells in a suspension. However, they are the least expensive and is able to give accurate result in a very short period of time. References Abcam, 2009. Cell counts using a haemocytometer. Abcam plc. Source: http://www.abcam.com/index.html?pageconfig=resourcerid=11454 Accessed: 1 October 2009 George Xu, 2007. History of the Gram Stain and How it Works. University of Pennsylvania. Source: http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/bugdrug/antibiotic_manual/Gram1.htm Accessed: 1 October 2009 H. Kayser, A. Bienz, Johannes Eckert. M. Zinkernagel. 2005. Medical Microbiology. Thieme Stuttgart., New York. p. 264-270. Kenneth Todar, 2008. The Growth of Bacterial Population. Todars Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Source: http://textbookofbacteriology.net/growth_2.html Accessed: 6 October 2009 Linda B, Mary R, 2007. Aseptic Transfer. Austin Community College. Source: http://www.austincc.edu/microbugz/aseptic_technique.php Accessed: 3 October 2009 Steve Hogg, 2008. The Gram Stain. Newcastle University. Source: http://www.ncl.ac.uk/dental/oralbiol/oralenv/tutorials/gramstain.htm Accessed: 6 October 2009

Argumentative Essay: Gun Control Does Not Reduce Crime :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Americans are faced with an ever-growing problem of violence. Our streets have become a battleground where the elderly are beaten for their social security checks, where terrified women are viciously attacked and raped, where teen-age gangsters shoot it out for a patch of turf to sell their illegal drugs, and where innocent children are caught daily in the crossfire of drive-by shootings. We cannot ignore the damage that these criminals are doing to our society, and we must take actions to stop these horrors. However, the effort by some misguided individuals to eliminate the legal ownership of firearms does not address the real problem at hand, and simply disarms the innocent law-abiding citizens who are most in need of a form of self-defense. Â   To fully understand the reasons behind the gun control efforts, we must look at the history of our country, and the role firearms have played in it. The second amendment to the Constitution of the United States makes firearm ownership legal in this country. There were good reasons for this freedom, reasons which persist today. Firearms in the new world were used initially for hunting, and occasionally for self-defense. However, when the colonists felt that the burden of British oppression was too much for them to bear, they picked up their personal firearms and went to war. Standing against the British armies, these rebels found themselves opposed by the greatest military force in the world at that time. The 18th century witnessed the height of the British Empire, but the rough band of colonial freedom fighters discovered the power of the Minuteman, the average American gun owner. These Minutemen, so named because they would pick up their personal guns and jump to the defense of their country on a minute's notice, served a major part in winning the American Revolution. The founding fathers of this country understood that an armed populace was instrumental in fighting off oppression, and they made the right to keep and bear arms a constitutionally guaranteed right. Â   Over the years, some of the reasons for owning firearms have changed. As our country grew into a strong nation, we expanded westward, exploring the wilderness, and building new towns on the frontier. Typically, these new towns were far away from the centers of civilization, and the only law they had was dispensed by townsfolk through the barrel of a gun. Crime existed, but could be minimized when the townspeople fought back against the criminals. Eventually, these organized townspeople developed police forces as their towns grew in size. Fewer people carried their firearms on the street, but the firearms were always there, ready to be used in self-